THE TALE（第28页）

attheopeningofthestoryofcroesus，chaucerhascopiedfromhisowntranslationofboethius;butthestoryismainlytakenfromthe"romanceoftherose"

"thisreflection，"saystyrwhttt，"estedbyonewhichfollowssoonafterthementionofcroesusinthepassagejustcitedfromboethius.whatotherthingbewailthecryingsoftragediesbutonlythedeedsoffortune，thatwithanawkwardstroke，overturhtherealmsofgreatnobley?"—insomemanuscriptsthefour"tragedies"thatfollowareplacedbetweenthoseofzenobiaandnero;butalthoughthegeneralreflectionwithwhichthe"tragedy"ofcroesusclosesmightstappropriatelywindupthewholeseries，thegeneralchronologicalarrangementwhichisobservedintheothercasesremendstheorderfollowedinthetext.besides，since，likeseveralothertales，thenkstragedieswerecutshortbytheimpatienceoftheauditors，itisrenaturalthatthetaleshouldcloseabruptly，thanbysucharhetoricalfinishastheselinesafford.

pedrothecruel，kingofaragon，againstwhomhisbrotherhenryrebelled.hewasbyfalsepretencesinveigledintohisbrotherstent，andtreacherouslyslain.mrwrighthasremarkedthat"thecauseofpedro，thoughhewasnobetterthanacruelandrecklesstyrant，waspopularinenglandfromtheverycircumstancethatprinceedward（theblackprince）hadembarkedinit."

nottheoliverofcharlemagne—butatraitorousoliverofarrica，corruptedbyabribe.ganilionwasthebetrayerofthechristianarmyatroncevalles（seenote9totheshipmanstale）;andhisnameappearstohavebeenforalongtimeusedinfrancetodenoteatraitor.duguesclin，whobetrayedpedrointohisbrotherstent，seemstobeintendedbytheterm"ganilionoliver，"butifso，chaucerhasmistakenhisname，whichwasbertrand—perhapsconfoundinghim，ests，witholiverduclisson，anotheril露striousbretonofthosetimes，whowasalsoconstableoffrance，afterduguesclin.thearmsofthelatteraresupposedtobedescribedalittleabove

pierrede露signan，kingofcyprus，whocapturedalexandriain1363（seenote6totheprologuetothetales）.hewasassassinatedin1369.

bernabovisconti，dukeofmilan，wasdeposedandimprisonedbyhisnephew，anddiedacaptivein1385.hisdeathisthelatesthistoricalfactmentionedinthetales;andthusitthrowsthedateoftheirpositiontoaboutthesixtiethyearofchaucersage.

thestoryofugolinoistoldinthe33rdcantoofthe"inferno."