THE TALE（第1页）

[theparsonbeginshis"littletreatise"-（which，ifgivenatlength，wouldextendtoaboutthirtyofthesepages，andwhichcannotbyanystretchofcourtesyorfancybesaidtomeritthetitleofa"tale"）inthesewords:—]

oursweetlordgodofheaven，thatnomanwillperish，butwillthatweealltotheknowledgeofhim，andtotheblissfullifethatisperdurable[everlas]，adnishesusbytheprophetjeremiah，thatsaithinthiswise:"standupontheways，andseeandaskofoldpaths，thatistosay，ofoldsentences，whichisthegoodway，andwalkinthatway，andyeshallfindrefreshingforyoursouls，"

ofwhichwaysthereisafullnobleway，andfullconvenable，whichmaynotfailtomannortowoman，thatthroughsinhathmisgonefromtherightwayofjerusalemcelestial;andthiswayiscalledpenitence.ofwhichmenshouldgladlyhearkenandinquirewithalltheirhearts，towitwhatispenitence，andwhenceitiscalledpenitence，andinwhatmanner，andinhowmanymanners，betheactionsorworkingsofpenitence，andhowmanyspeciestherebeofpenitences，andwhatthingsappertainandbehovetopenitence，andwhatthingsdisturbpenitence.

[penitenceisdescribed，ontheauthorityofsaintsambrose，isidore，andgregory，asthebewailingofsinthathasbeenwrought，withthepurposeneveragaintodothatthing，oranyotherthingwhichamanshouldbewail;forweepingandnotceasingtodothesinwillnotavail—thoughitistobehopedthataftereverytimethatamanfalls，beiteversooften，hemayfindgracetoarisethroughpenitence.andrepentantfolkthatleavetheirsineresinleavethem，ountedbyholychurchsureoftheirsalvation，eventhoughtherepentancebeatthelasthour.therearethreeactionsofpenitence;thatamanbebaptizedafterhehassinned;thathedonodeadlysinafterreceivingbaptism;andthathefallintonovenialsinsfromdaytoday."thereofsaithstaugustine，thatpenitenceofgoodandhumblefolkisthepenitenceofeveryday."thespeciesofpenitencearethree:solemn，whenamanisopenlyexpelledfromholychurchinlent，orispelledbyholychurchtodoopenpenanceforanopensinopenlytalkedofinthecountry;npenance，enjoinedbypriestsincertaincases，astogoonpilgrimagenakedorbarefoot;andprivypenance，whichmendodailyforprivatesins，ofwhichtheyconfessprivatelyandreceiveprivatepenance.toveryperfectpenitencearebehovefulandnecessarythreethings:contritionofheart，confessionofuth，andsatisfaction;whicharefruitfulpenitenceagainstdelightinthinking，recklessspeech，andwickedsinfulworks.

penitencemaybelikenedtoatree，havingitsrootincontrition，bidingitselfintheheartasatree-rootdoesintheearth;outofthisrootspringsastalk，thatbearsbranchesandleavesofconfession，andfruitofsatisfaction.ofthisrootalsospringsaseedofgrace，whichistherofallsecurity，andthisseediseagerandhot;andthegraceofthisseedspringsofgod，throughremembranceonthedayofjudgmentandonthepainsofhell.theheatofthisseedistheloveofgod，andthedesireofeverlasjoy;andthisheatdrawstheheartofmantogod，andmakeshimhatehissin.penanceisthetreeoflifetothemthatreceiveit.inpenanceorcontritionmanshal露nderstandfourthings:whatiscontrition;whatarethecausesthatveamantocontrition;howheshouldbecontrite;andwhatcontritionavailethtothesoul.contritionistheheavyandgrievoussorrowthatamanreceivethinhisheartforhissins，withearnestpurposetoconfessanddopenance，andneverretosin.sixcausesoughttoveamantocontrition:1.heshouldrememberhifhissins;2.heshouldreflectthatsinputtethamaningreatthraldom，andallthegreaterthehigheristheestatefromwhichhefalls;3.heshoulddreadthedayofdoomandthehorriblepainsofhell;4.thesorrowfulremembranceofthegooddeedsthatmanhathomittedtodohereonearth，andalsothegoodthathehathlost，oughttomakehimhavecontrition;5.soalsooughttheremembranceofthepassionthatourlordjesuschristsufferedforoursins;6.andsooughtthehopeofthreethings，thatistosay，forgivenessofsin，thegiftofgracetodowell，andthegloryofheavenwithwhichgodshallrewardmanforhisgooddeeds.—allthesepointstheparsonil露stratesandenforcesatlength;waxingespeciallyeloquentunderthethirdhead，andplainlysetforththesternlyrealisticnotionsregardingfuturepunishmentsthatwereentertainedinthetimeofchaucer:-]

certes，allthesorrowthatamanmightmakefromthebeginningoftheworld，isbutalittlething，atretardof[inparisonwith]thesorrowofhell.thecausewhythatjobcallethhellthelandofdarkness;

understand，thathecallethitlandorearth，foritisstableandnevershallfail，anddark，forhethatisinhellhathdefault[isdevoid]oflightnatural;forcertesthedarklight，thatshalleoutofthefirethatevershallburn，shallturnthemalltopainthatbeinhell，foritsheweththemthehorribledevilsthatthemtorment.coveredwiththedarknessofdeath;thatistosay，thathethatisinhellshallhavedefaultofthesightofgod;forcertesthesightofgodisthelifeperdurable[everlas].thedarknessofdeath，bethesinsthatthewretchedmanhathdone，whichthatdisturb[prevent]himtoseethefaceofgod，rightasadarkclouddothbetweenusandthesun.landofmisease，becausetherebethreemannerofdefaultsagainstthreethingsthatfolkofthisworldhaveinthispresentlife;thatistosay，honours，delights，andriches.againsthonourhavetheyinhellshameandconfusion:forwellyewot，thatmencallhonourthereverencethatmandothtoman;butinhellisnohonournorreverence;forcertesnorereverenceshallbedoheretoakingthantoaknave[servant].forwhichgodsaithbytheprophetjeremiah;"thefolkthatmedespiseshallbeindespite."honourisalsocalledgreatlordship.thereshallnowightserveother，butofharmandtorment.honourisalsocalledgreatdignityandhighness;butinhellshalltheybeallfortrodden[trampledunderfoot]ofdevils.asgodsaith，"thehorribledevilsshallgoandeupontheheadsofdamnedfolk;"andthisis，forasmuchasthehigherthattheywereinthispresentlife，thereshalltheybeabated[abased]anddefouledinhell.againsttherichesofthisworldshalltheyhavemisease[trouble，torment]ofpoverty，andthispovertyshallbeinfourthings:indefault[want]oftreasure;ofwhichdavidsaith，"therichfolkthatembracedandoned[united]alltheirhearttotreasureofthisworld，shallsleepinthesleepingofdeath，andnothingshalltheyfindintheirhandsofalltheirtreasure."andreover，themiseaseofhellshallbeindefaultofmeatanddrink.forgodsaiththusbyses，"theyshallbewastedwith混♂ger，andthebirdsofhellshalldevourthemwithbitterdeath，andthegallofthedragonshallbetheirdrink，andthevenofthedragontheirrsels."andfurtherre，theirmiseaseshallbeindefaultofclothing，fortheyshallbenakedinbody，asofclothing，savethefireinwhichtheyburn，andotherfilths;andnakedshalltheybeinsoul，ofallmannervirtues，whichthatistheclothingofthesoul.wherebethenthegayrobes，andthesoftsheets，andthefineshirts?lo，whatsaithofthemtheprophetisaiah，thatunderthemshallbestrewedths，andtheircoverturesshallbeofwormsofhell.andfurtherre，theirmiseaseshallbeindefaultoffriends，forheisnotpoorthathathgoodfriends:butthereisnofriend;forneithergodnoranygoodcreatureshallbefriendtothem，andevereachofthemshallhateotherwithdeadlyhate.thesonsandthedaughtersshallrebelagainstfatherandther，andkindredagainstkindred，andchideanddespiseeachother，bothdayandnight，asgodsaithbytheprophetmicah.andthelovingchildren，thatwhomlovedsofleshlyeachother，wouldeachofthemeattheotheriftheymight.forhowshouldtheylovetogetherinthepainsofhell，whentheyhatedeachotherintheprosperityofthislife?fortrustwell，theirfleshlylovewasdeadlyhate;assaiththeprophetdavid;"whosolovethwickedness，hehatethhisownsoul:"andwhosohatethhisownsoul，certeshemaylovenoneotherwightinnomanner:andthereforeinhellisnosolacenornofriendship，butevertherekindredsthatbeinhell，therecursing，therechiding，andtheredeadlyhatethereisangtheandfurtherover，theyshallhavedefaultofallmannerdelights;forcertesdelightsbeaftertheappetitesofthefivewits[senses];assight，hearing，smelling，savouring[tas]，andtouching.butinhelltheirsightshallbefullofdarknessandofske，andtheireyesfulloftears;andtheirhearingfullofwaimen[lamen]andgrin[gnashing]ofteeth，assaithjesuschrist;theirnostrilsshallbefullofstinking;and，assaithisaiahtheprophet，theirsavouring[tas]shallbefullofbittergall;andtouchingofalltheirbodyshallbecoveredwithfirethatnevershallquench，andwithwormsthatnevershalldie，asgodsaithbytheuthofisaiah.andforasmuchastheyshallnotweenthattheymaydieforpain，andbydeathfleefrompain，thatmaythe玉nderstandinthewordofjob，thatsaith，"thereistheshadowofdeath."certesashadowhaththelikenessofthethingofwhichitisshadowed，buttheshadowisnotthesamethingofwhichitisshadowed:rightsofareththepainofhell;itislikedeath，forthehorribleanguish;andwhy?foritpaihthemeverasthoughtheyshoulddieanon;butcertestheyshallnotdie.for，assaithsaintgregory，"towretchedcaitiffsshallbegivendeathwithoutdeath，andendwithoutend，anddefaultwithoutfailing;fortheirdeathshallalwayslive，andtheirendshalleverrebegin，andtheirdefaultshallneverfail."andthereforesaithsaintjohntheevangelist，"theyshallfollowdeath，andtheyshallnotfindhim，andtheyshalldesiretodie，anddeathshallfleefromthe"andekejobsaith，thatinhellisnoorderofrule.andalbeitthatgodhathcreatedallthingsinrightorder，andnothingwithoutorder，butallthingsbeorderedandnumbered，yetneverthelesstheythatbedamnedbenotinorder，norholdnoorder.fortheearthshallbearthemnofruit（for，astheprophetdavidsaith，"godshalldestroythefruitoftheearth，asforthem"）;norwatershallgivethemnoisture，northeairnorefreshing，northefirenolight.forassaithsaintbasil，"theburningofthefireofthisworldshallgodgiveinhelltothemthatbedamned，butthelightandtheclearnessshallbegiveninheaventohischildren;rightasthegoodmangivethfleshtohischildren，andbonestohishounds."andfortheyshallhavenohopetoescape，saithjobatlast，thatthereshallhorrorandgrislydreaddwellwithoutend.horrorisalwaysdreadofharmthatistoe，andthisdreadshalleverdwellintheheartsofthemthatbedamned.andthereforehavetheylostalltheirhopeforsevencauses.first，forgodthatistheirjudgeshallbewithoutmercytothem;northeymaynotpleasehim;nornoneofhishallows[saints];northeymaygivenothingfortheirransom;northeyhavenovoicetospeaktohim;northeymaynotfleefrompain;northeyhavenogoodnessinthemthattheymayshewtodeliverthemfrompain.

[underthefourthhead，ofgoodworks，theparsonsays:—]

thecourteouslordjesuschristwillthatnogoodworkbelost，forinsomewhatitshallavail.butforasmuchasthegoodworksthatmendowhiletheybeingoodlifebeallartised[killed，deadened]bysinfollowing，andalsosinceallthegoodworksthatmendowhiletheybeindeadlysinbeutterlydead，asfortohavethelifeperdurable[everlas]，wellmaythatmanthatnogoodworksdoth，singthatnewfrenchsong，jaitoutperdu—ntempsetnlabour

.forcertes，sinbereavethamanboththegoodnessofnature，andekethegoodnessofgrace.forsoothlythegraceoftheholyghostfarethlikefire，thatmaynotbeidle;forfirefailethanonasitforleteth[leaveth]itsworking，andrightsogracefailethanonasitforletethitsworking.thenloseththesinfulmanthegoodnessofglory，thatonlyistogoodmenthatlabourandwork.wellmayhebesorrythen，thatowethallhislifetogod，aslongashehathlived，andalsoaslongasheshalllive，thatnogoodnesshathtopaywithhisdebttogod，towhomheowethallhislife:ount，assaithsaintbernard，ofallthegoodsthathavebeengivenhiminhispresentlife，andhowhehaththemdispended，insomuchthatthereshallnotperishanhairofhishead，noramentofanhourshallnotperishofhistime，thatheshallnotgivethereofareckoning.

[havingtreatedofthecauses，theparsonestothemanner，ofcontrition—whichshouldbeuniversalandtotal，notmerelyofoutwarddeedsofsin，butalsoofwickeddelightsandthoughtsandwords;"forcertesalmightygodisallgood，andthereforeeitherheforgivethall，orelserightnaught."further，contritionshouldbe"wondersorrowfulandanguishous，"andalsocontinual，withsteadfastpurposeofconfessionandamendment.lastly，ofwhatcontritionavaileth，theparsonsays，thatsometimesitdeliverethmanfromsin;thatwithoutitneitherconfessionnorsatisfactionisofanyworth;thatit"destroyeththeprisonofhell，andmakethweakandfeebleallthestrengthsofthedevils，andrestoreththegiftsoftheholyghostandofallgoodvirtues，andcleanseththesoulofsin，anddeliverethitfromthepainofhell，andfromthepanyofthedevil，andfromtheservage[slavery]ofsin，andrestorethittoallgoodsspiritual，andtothepanyandmunionofholychurch."hewhoshouldsethisintenttothesethings，wouldnolongerbeinclinedtosin，butwouldgivehisheartandbodytotheserviceofjesuschrist，andthereofdohimhomage."for，certes，ourlordjesuschristhathsparedussobenignlyinourfollies，thatifhehadnotpityonmanssoul，asorrysongmightweallsing."

thesecondpartoftheparsonstaleortreatiseopenswithanexplanationofwhatisconfession—whichistermed"thesecondpartofpenitence，thatis，signofcontrition;"whetheritoughtneedsbedoneornot;andwhatthingsbeconvenabletotrueconfession.confessionistrueshewingofsinstothepriest，withoutexcusing，hiding，orforwrapping[disguising]ofanything，andwithoutvaunofgoodworks."also，itisnecessarytounderstandwhencethatsinsspring，andhowtheyincrease，andwhichtheybe."fromadamwetookoriginalsin;"fromhimfleshlydescendedbeweall，andengenderedofvileandcorruptmatter;"andthepenaltyofadamstransgressiondwellethwithusastotemptation，whichpenaltyiscalledconcupiscence."thisconcupiscence，whenitiswrongfullydisposedorordainedinaman，itmakethhimcovet，bycovetiseofflesh，fleshlysinbsightofhiseyes，astoearthlythings，andalsocovetiseofhighnessbyprideofheart."theparsonproceedstoshewhowmanistemptedinhisfleshtosin;how，afterhisnaturalconcupiscence，estionofthedevil，thatistosaythedevilsbellows，withwhichheblowethinmanthefireofconcupiscence;andhowmanthenbethinkethhimwhetherhewilldoornothethingtowhichheistempted.ifheflameupintopleasureatthethought，andgiveway，thenishealldeadinsoul;"omplished，bytemptation，bydelight，andbyconsen;andthenisthesinactual."siniseithervenial，ordeadly;deadly，whenamanlovesanycreaturerethanjesuschristourcreator，venial，ifhelovejesuschristlessthanheought.venialsinsdiminishmanslovetogodreandre，andmayinthiswiseskipintodeadlysin;formanysmallmakeagreat."andhearkenthisexample:agreatwaveoftheseaethsometimeswithsogreataviolence，thatitdrencheth[causestosink]theship:andthesameharmdosometimesthesmalldrops，ofwaterthatenterthroughalittlecreviceinthethurrok[hold，bilge]，andinthebottoftheship，ifmenbesonegligentthattheydischargethemnotbetimes.andtherefore，althoughtherebedifferencebetwixtthesetwocausesofdrenching，algates[inanycase]theshipisdreint[sunk].rightsofarethitsometimesofdeadlysin，"andofvenialsinswhentheymultiplyinamansogreatlyastomakehimloveworldlythingsrethangod.theparsonthenenumeratesspeciallyanumberofsinswhichmanyamanperadventuredeemsnosins，andconfessesthemnot，andyetneverthelesstheyaretrulysins:—]

thisistosay，ateverytimethatamaneatethanddrinkethrethansufficethtothesustenanceofhisbody，incertainhedothsin;ekewhenhespeakethrethanitneedeth，hedothsin;ekewhenhehearethnotbenignlytheplaintofthepoor;ekewhenheisinhealthofbody，andwillnotfastwhenotherfolkfast，withoutcausereasonable;ekewhenhesleepethrethanneedeth，asiontoolatetochurch，ortootherworksofcharity;ekewhenheusethhiswifewithoutsovereigndesireofengendrure，tothehonourofgod，orfortheintenttoyieldhiswifehisdebtofhisbody;ekewhenhewillnotvisitthesick，ortheprisoner，ifhemay;ekeifhelovewife，orchild，orotherworldlything，rethanreasonrequireth;ekeifheflatterorblandishrethanheoughtforanynecessity;ekeifheminishorwithdrawthealmsofthepoor;ekeifheapparail[prepare]hismeatredeliciouslythanneedis，oreatittoohastilybylikerousness[g露ttony];ekeifhetalkvanitiesinthechurch，oratgodsservice，orthathebeatalkerofidlewordsoffollyorvillainy，ountofthematthedayofdoom;ekewhenhebehighteth[promiseth]orassurethtodothingsthathemaynotperform;ekewhenthatbylightnessoffollyhemissayethorscorhhisneighbour;ekewhenhehathanywickedsuspicionofthing，thathewotofitnosoothfastness:thesethings，andrewithoutnumber，besins，assaithsaintaugustine.

[noearthlymanmayeschewallvenialsins;yetmayherefrainhim，bytheburninglovethathehathtoourlordjesuschrist，andbyprayerandconfession，andothergoodworks，sothatitshallbutlittlegrieve."furtherre，menmayalsorefrainandputawayvenialsin，byreceivingworthilythepreciousbodyofjesuschrist;byreceivingekeofholywater;byalms-deed;bygeneralconfessionofconfiteoratmass，andatprime，andatpline[eveningservice];andbyblessingofbishopsandpriests，andbyothergoodworks."theparsonthenproceedstoweightiermatters:—]

nowitisbehovely[profitable，necessary]totellwhichbedeadlysins，thatistosay，chieftainsofsins;forasmuchasalltheyruninoneleash，butindiversemanners.nowbetheycalledchieftains，forasmuchastheybechief，andofthemspringallothersins.therootofthesesins，then，ispride，thegeneralrootofallharms.forofthisrootspringcertainbranches:asire，envy，aidie

orsloth，avariceorcovetousness（tonunderstanding），g露ttony，andlechery:andeachofthesesinshathhisbranchesandhistwigs，asshallbedeclaredintheirchaptersfollowing.andthoughsobe，thatnomancantel露tterlythenumberofthetwigs，andoftheharmsthateofpride，yetwillishewapartofthem，asyeshal露nderstand.thereisinobedience，vaun，hypocrisy，despite，arrogance，impudence，swellingofhearte，insolence，elation，impatience，strife，contumacy，presumption，irreverence，pertinacity，vain-gloryandmanyanothertwigthaticannottellnordeclare....]

andyet[reover]thereisaprivyspeciesofpridethatwaitethfirsttobesa露tederehewillsa露te，all[although]behelessworthythanthatotheris;andekehewaiteth[expecteth]ordesirethtositortogoabovehimintheway，orkissthepax，

orbeincensed，orgotoofferingbeforehisneighbour，andsuchsemblable[like]things，againsthisdutyperadventure，butthathehathhisheartandhisintentinsuchaprouddesiretobemagnifiedandhonouredbeforethepeople.nowbetheretwomannerofprides;theoneofthemiswithintheheartofaman，andtheotheriswithout.ofwhichsoothlytheseforesaidthings，andrethanihavesaid，appertaintopridethatiswithintheheartofamanandtherebeotherspeciesofpridethatbewithout:butnevertheless，theoneofthesespeciesofprideissignoftheother，rightasthegaylevesell[bush]atthetavernissignofthewihatisinthecellar.andthisisinmanythings:asinspeechandcountenance，andoutrageousarrayofclothing;forcertes，iftherehadbeennosininclothing，christwouldnotsosoonhavenotedandspokenoftheclothingofthatrichmaninthegospel.andsaintgregorysaith，thatpreciousclothingisculpableforthedearth[dearness]ofit，andforitssoftness，andforitsstrangenessanddisguising，andforthesuperf露ityorfortheinordinatescantnessofit;alas!maynotamanseeinourdaysthesinfulcostlyarrayofclothing，andnamely[specially]intoomuchsuperf露ity，orelseintoodisordinatescantness?astothefirstsin，insuperf露ityofclothing，whichthatmakethitsodear，totheharfthepeople，notonlythecostoftheembroidering，thedisguising，indenorbarring，ounding，paling，

winding，orbanding，andsemblable[similar]wasteofclothinvanity;butthereisalsothecostlyfurring[liningoredgingwithfur]intheirgowns，somuchpunchingofchiselstomakeholes，ing[cut]ofshears，withthesuperf露ityinlengthoftheforesaidgowns，trailinginthedungandinthemire，onhorseandekeonfoot，aswellofmanasofwoman，thatallthattrailingisverily（asineffect）wasted，consumed，threadbare，androttenwithdung，ratherthanitisgiventothepoor，togreatdamageoftheforesaidpoorfolk，andthatinsundrywise:thisistosay，therethatclothiswasted，theremustitcosttothepoorpeopleforthescarceness;andfurtherre，edclothingtothepoorpeople，itisnotconvenienttowearfortheirestate，norsufficienttoboot[help，remedy]theirnecessity，tokeepthemfromthedistemperance[inclemency]ofthefirmament.upontheotherside，tospeakofthehorribledisordinatescantnessofclothing，asbethesecuttedslopsorhanselines[breeches]，thatthroughtheirshortnesscovernottheshamefulmemberofman，towickedintentalas!someofthemshewthebossandtheshapeofthehorribleswollenmembers，thatseemliketothemaladyofhernia，inthewrappingoftheirhosen，andekethebuttocksofthem，thatfareasitwerethehinderpartofashe-apeinthefulloftheon.andreoverthewretchedswollenmembersthattheyshewthroughdisguising，indepar[dividing]oftheirhoseninwhiteandred，seemeththathalftheirshamefulprivymemberswereflain[flayed].andifsobethattheydeparttheirhoseinothercolours，asiswhiteandb露e，orwhiteandblack，orblackandred，andsoforth;thenseemethit，byvarianceofcolour，thatthehalfpartoftheirprivymembersbecorruptbythefireofsaintanthony，orbycanker，orothersuchmischance.andofthehinderpartoftheirbuttocksitisfullhorribletosee，forcertes，inthatpartoftheirbodywheretheypurgetheirstinkingordure，thatfoulpartshewtheytothepeopleproudlyindespiteofhonesty[decency]，whichhonestyjesuschristandhisfriendsobservedtoshewinhislife.nowasoftheoutrageousarrayofwomen，godwot，thatthoughthevisagesofsomeofthemseemfullchasteanddebonair[gentle]，yetnotifythey，intheirarrayofattire，likerousnessandpride.isaynotthathonesty[reasonableandappropriatestyle]inclothingofmanorwomanunconvenablebut，certes，thesuperf露ityordisordinatescarcityofclothingisreprovable.alsothesinoftheirornament，orofapparel，asinthingsthatappertaintoriding，asintoomanydelicatehorses，thatbeholdenfordelight，thatbesofair，fat，andcostly;andalsoinmanyaviciousknave，[servant]thatissustainedbecauseofthem;incuriousharness，asinsaddles，cruppers，peytrels，[breast-plates]andbridles，coveredwithpreciousclothandrichbarsandplatesofgoldandsilver.forwhichgodsaithbyzechariahtheprophet，"iwillconfoundtheridersofsuchhorses."thesefolktakelittleregardoftheridingofgodssonofheaven，andofhisharness，whenherodeuponanass，andhadnootherharnessbutthepoorclothesofhisdisciples;norwereadnotthateverherodeonanyotherbeast.ispeakthisforthesinofsuperf露ity，andnotforreasonablehonesty[seemliness]，whenreasonitrequireth.andreover，certes，prideisgreatlynotifiedinholdingofgreatmeinie[retinueofservants]，whentheybeoflittleprofitorofrightnoprofit，andnamely[especially]whenthatmeinieisfelonous[violent]anddamageous[harmful]tothepeoplebyhardiness[arrogance]ofhighlordship，orbywayofoffice;forcertes，suchlordssellthentheirlordshiptothedevilofhell，whentheysustainthewickednessoftheirmeinie.orelse，whenthesefolkoflowdegree，astheythatholdhostelries，sustaintheftoftheirhostellers，andthatisinmanymannerofdeceits:thatmanneroffolkbethefliesthatfollowthehoney，orelsethehoundsthatfollowthecarrion.suchforesaidfolkstranglespirituallytheirlordships;forwhichthussaithdavidtheprophet，"wickeddeathmayeuntotheselordships，andgodgivethattheymaydescendintohelladown;forintheirhousesisiniquityandshrewedness，[impiety]andnotgodofheaven."andcertes，butif[unless]theydoamendment，rightasgodgavehisbenison[blessing]tolabanbytheserviceofjacob，andtopharaohbytheserviceofjoseph;rightsogodwillgivehismalison[condemnation]tosuchlordshipsassustainthewickednessoftheirservants，but[unless]theyetoamendment.prideofthetableapaireth[workethharm]ekefulloft;for，certes，richmenbecalledtofeasts，andpoorfolkbeputawayandrebuked;alsoinexcessofdiversmeatsanddrinks，andnamely[specially]suchmannerbake-meatsanddish-meatsburningofwildfire，andpaintedandcastledwithpaper，andsemblable[similar]waste，sothatitisabusetothink.andekeintoogreatpreciousnessofvessel，[plate]andcuriosityofminstrelsy，bywhichamanisstirredretothedelightsof露xury，ifsobethathesethisheartthelessuponourlordjesuschrist，certainitisasin;andcertainlythedelightsmightbesogreatinthiscase，thatamanmightlightly[easily]fallbythemintodeadlysin.

[thesinsthatariseofprideadvisedlyandhabituallyaredeadly;thosethatarisebyfrailt玉nadvisedsuddenly，andsuddenlywithdrawagain，thoughgrievous，arenotdeadly.prideitselfspringssometimesofthegoodsofnature，sometimesofthegoodsoffortune，sometimesofthegoodsofgrace;buttheparson，enumeraandexaminingalltheseinturn，pointsouthowlittlesecuritytheypossessandhowlittlegroundforpridetheyfurnish，andgoesontoenforcetheremedyagainstpride—whichishumilityormeekness，avirtuethroughwhichamanhathtrueknowledgeofhimself，andholdethnohighesteefhimselfinregardofhisdeserts，consideringeverhisfrailty.]

nowbetherethreemanners[kinds]ofhumility;ashumilityinheart，andanotherintheuth，andthethirdinworks.thehumilityintheheartisinfourmanners:theoneis，whenamanholdethhimselfasnoughtworthbeforegodofheaven;thesecondis，whenhedespisethnootherman;thethirdis，whenhereckethnotthoughmenholdhimnoughtworth;thefourthis，whenheisnotsorryofhishumiliation.alsothehumilityofuthisinfourthings:intemperatespeech;inhumilityofspeech;andwhenheconfessethwithhisownuththatheissuchashethinkeththatheisinhisheart;anotheris，whenhepraiseththebounte[goodness]ofanothermanandnothingthereofdiminisheth.humilityekeinworksisinfourmanners:thefirstis，whenheputtethothermenbeforehim;thesecondis，tochoosethelowestplaceofall;thethirdis，gladlytoassenttogoodcounsel;thefourthis，tostandgladlybytheaward[judgment]ofhissovereign，orofhimthatishigherindegree:certainthisisagreatworkofhumility.

[theparsonproceedstotreatoftheothercardinalsins，andtheirremedies:（2.）envy，withitsremedy，theloveofgodprincipallyandofourneighboursasourselves:（3.）anger，withallitsfruitsinrevenge，rancour，hate，discord，manslaughter，blasphemy，swearing，falsehood，flattery，chidingandreproving，scorning，treachery，sowingofstrife，doublenessoftongue，betrayingofcounseltoamansdisgrace，menacing，idlewords，jangling，japeryorbuffoonery，assinful，andheldtolabourinprayingfordeliverancefromsin;andasinthestateofgrace，andheldtoworksofpenitence.ishconditionofthoseinhell;itwillsuffernohardnessandnopenance;itpreventsanybeginningofgoodworks;itcausesdespairofgodsmercy，whichisthesinagainsttheholyghost;itinducessomnolencyandneglectofmunioninprayerwithgod;anditbreedsnegligenceorrecklessness，thatcaresfornothing，andisthenurseofallmischiefs，ifignoranceistheirther.againstsloth，andtheseandotherbranchesandfruitsofit，theremedyliesinthevirtueoffortitudeorstrength，initsvariousspeciesofmagnanimityorgreatcourage;faithandhopeingodandhissaints;suretyorsickerness，whenamanfearsnothingthatcanopposethegoodworkshehasundertaken;magnificence，whenhecarriesoutgreatworksofgoodnessbegun;constancyorstablenessofheart;andotherincentivestoenergyandlaboriousservice:（5.）avarice，orcovetousness，whichistherootofallharms，sinceitsvotariesareidolaters，oppressorsandenslaversofmen，deceiversoftheirequalsinbusiness，siniacs，gamblers，liars，thieves，falseswearers，blasphemers，murderers，andsacrilegious.itsremedyliesinpassionandpitylargelyexercised，andinreasonableliberality—forthosewhospendon"fool-largesse，"orostentationofworldlyestateand露xury，shallreceivethemalison[condemnation]thatchristshallgiveatthedayofdoomtothemthatshallbedamned:（6.）g露ttony;—ofwhichtheparsontreatssobrieflythatthechaptermaybegiveninfull:—

afteravariceethg露ttony，whichisexpressagainstthemandmentofgod.g露ttonyisunmeasurableappetitetoeatortodrink;orelsetodoinaughttotheunmeasurableappetiteanddisorderedcovetousness[craving]toeatordrink.thissincorruptedallthisworld，asiswellshewedinthesinofadamandofeve.lookalsowhatsaithsaintpaulofg露ttony:"many，"saithhe，"go，ofwhichihaveoftsaidtoyou，andnowisayitweeping，thattheybeenemiesofthecrossofchrist，ofwhichtheendisdeath，andofwhichtheirwomb[stomach]istheirgodandtheirglory;"inconfusionofthemthatsosavour[takedelightin]earthlythings.hethatisusant[austomed，addicted]tothissinofg露ttony，hemaynosinwithstand，hemustbeinservage[bondage]ofallvices，foritisthedevilshoard，[lair，露rking-place]wherehehidethhiminandresteth.thissinhathmanyspecies.thefirstisdrunkenness，thatisthehorriblesepultureofmansreason:andthereforewhenamanisdrunken，hehathlosthisreason;andthisisdeadlysin.butsoothly，whenthatamanisnotwonttostrongdrink，andperadventureknowethnotthestrengthofthedrink，orhathfeeblenessinhishead，orhathtravailed[laboured]，throughwhichhedrinkeththere，all[although]behesuddenlycaughtwithdrink，itisnodeadlysin，butvenial.thesecondspeciesofg露ttonyis，thatthespiritofamanwaxethalltroubledfordrunkenness，andbereavethamanthediscretionofhiswit.thethirdspeciesofg露ttonyis，whenamandevourethhismeat，andhathnorightfulmannerofea.thefourthis，when，throughthegreatabundanceofhismeat，thehuursofhisbodybedistempered.thefifthis，forgetfulnessbytoomuchdrinking，forwhichamansometimesforgettethbytherrowwhatbedidateve.inothermannerbedistinctthespeciesofg露ttony，aftersaintgregory.thefirstis，fortoeatordrinkbeforetime.thesecondis，whenamangettethhimtoodelicatemeatordrink.thethirdis，whenmentaketoomuchovermeasure[imderately].thefourthiscuriosity[nicety]withgreatintent[application，pains]tomakeandapparel[prepare]hismeat.thefifthis，fortoeattoogreedily.thesebethefivefingersofthedevilshand，bywhichedrawethfolktothesin.

againstg露ttonytheremedyisabstinence，assaithgalen;butthatiholdnotmeritorious，ifhedoitonlyforthehealthofhisbody.saintaugustinewillthatabstinencebedoneforvirtue，andwithpatience.abstinence，saithhe，islittleworth，butif[unless]amanhavegoodwillthereto，andbutitbeenforcedbypatienceandbycharity，andthatmendoitforgodssake，andinhopetohavetheblissinheaven.thefellowsofabstinencebetemperance，thatholdeththemeaninallthings;alsoshame，thateschewethalldishonesty[indecency，impropriety]，sufficiency，thatseekethnorichmeatsnordrinks，nordothnoforceof[setsnova露eon]nooutrageousapparellingofmeat;measure[deration]also，thatrestraihbyreasontheunmeasurableappetiteofea;sobernessalso，thatrestraihtheoutrageofdrink;sparingalso，thatrestraihthedelicateeasetositlongatmeat，whereforesomefolkstandoftheirownwilltoeat，becausetheywilleatatlessleisure.

[atgreatlengththeparsonthenpointsoutthemanyvarietiesofthesinof（7.）lechery，anditsremedyinchastityandcontinence，alikeinmarriageandinwidowhood;alsointheabstainingfromallsuchindulgencesofea，drinking，andsleepingasinflamethepassions，andfromthepanyofallwhomaytempttothesin.ravatethissin;andthetreatisethenpassestotheconsiderationoftheconditionsthatareessentialtoatrueandprofitableconfessionofsiningeneral.first，itmustbeinsorrowfulbitternessofspirit;aconditionthathasfivesigns—shamefastness，humilityinheartandoutwardsign，weepingwiththebodilyeyesorintheheart，disregardoftheshamethatmightcurtailorgarbleconfession，andobediencetothepenanceenjoined.secondly，trueconfessionmustbepromptlymade，fordreadofdeath，ofincreaseofsinfulness，offorgetfulnessofwhatshouldbeconfessed，ofchristsrefusaltohearifitbeputofftothelastdayoflife;andthisconditionhasfourterms;thatconfessionbewellponderedbeforehand，thatthemanconfessinghaveprehendedinhismindthenumberandgreatnessofhissinsandhowlonghehaslaininsin，thathebecontriteforandeschewhissins，asionsforthatsintowhichheisinclined.—whatfollowsunderthisheadisofsomeinterestforthelightwhichitthrowsontherigorousgovernmentwieldedbytheromishchurchinthosedays—]