THE GENERAL PROLOGUE（第31页）

inprincipio:thefirstwordsofgenesisandjohn，employedinsomepartofthemass.

lovedays:meesappointedforfriendlysettlementofdifferences;thebusinesswasoftenfollowedbysportsandfeas.

hewouldtheseawerekeptforanything:hewouldforanythingthattheseawereguarded">"theoldsubsidyoftonnageandpoundage，"saystyrwhitt，"wasgiventothekingpourlasaufgardeetcustodiedelmer.—forthesafeguardandkeepingofthesea"（12e">iv">c.3）.

middleburg，attheuthofthescheldt，inholland;orwell，aseaportinessex.

shields:crowns，socalledfromtheshieldsstampedonthem;french，"ecu;"italian，"scudo."

ingforneytomaintainthemandtheirstudies.

parvis:theporticoofst">pauls，whichlawyersfrequentedtomeettheirclients.

stjulian:thepatronsaintofhospitality，celebratedforsupplyinghisvotarieswithgoodlodgingandgoodcheer.

mew:cage">theplacebehindwhitehall，wherethekingshawkswerecagedwascalledthemews.

manya露ceinstew:manyapikeinhisfish-pond;inthosecatholicdays，whenmuchfishwaseaten，nogentlemansmansionwaspletewithouta"stew".

countour:ountantinthecountycourt.

vavasour:alandholderofconsequence;holdingofaduke，marquis，orearl，andrankingbelowabaron.

onthedais:ontheraisedplatformattheendofthehall，wheresatatmeatorinjudgementthosehighinauthority，rankorhonour;inourdaystheworthycraftsmenmighthavebeendescribedas"goodplatformmen".

totakeprecedenceoverallingoingtotheeveningserviceofthechurch，ortofestivalmees，towhichitwasthefashiontocarryrichcloaksormantlesagainstthehome-ing.

thethingsthecookcouldmake:"marchandtart"，somenowunknowningredientusedincookery;"galingale，"sweetorlongrootedcyprus;"rtrewes"，arichsoupmadebystampingfleshinartar;"blancmanger"，notwhatisnowcalledblancmange;onepartofitwasthebrawnofacapon.

lodemanage:pilotage，fromanglo-saxon"ladman，"aleader，guide，orpilot;hence"lodestar，""lodestone."

theauthorsmentionedherewerethechiefmedicaltext-booksofthemiddleages">thenamesofgalenandhippocrateswerethenusuallyspelt"gallien"and"hypocras"or"ypocras".

thewestofengland，especiallyaroundbath，wastheseatofthecloth-manufacture，aswereypresandghent（gaunt）inflanders.

chaucerheresatirisesthefashionofthetime，whichpiledbulkyandheavywaddingsonladiesheads.

ist;hereusedinthesenseof"new"，asinlatin，"mustum"signifiesnewwine;andelsewherechaucerspeaksof"istyale"，asopposedto"old".

ingaliceatsaintjames:attheshrineofstjagoofpostellainspain.

gat-toothed:buck-toothed;goat-toothed，tosignifyherwantonness;orgap-toothed—withgapsbetweenherteeth.

anendowmenttosingmassesforthesoulofthedonor.

aramwastheusualprizeatwrestlingmatches.

cop:head;german，"kopf".

nose-thirles:nostrils;fromtheanglo-saxon，"thirlian，"topierce;hencetheword"drill，"tobore.

goliardais:ababblerandabuffoon;goliaswasthefounderofajovialsectcalledbyhisname.

theproverbsaysthateveryhonestmillerhasathumbofgold;probablychaucermeansthatthisonewasashonestashisbrethren.

amanciple—latin，"manceps，"apurchaserorcontractor--wasanofficerchargedwiththepurchaseofvictualsforinnsofcourtorcolleges.

reeve:aland-steward;stillcalled"grieve"—anglo-saxon，"gerefa"insomepartsofscotland.

sompnour:sumner;anapparitor，lesiasticalcourts.